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Chapter – 5
Coal and Petroleum
Natural Resources: Resources include everything provide by thenature. They form
the wealth of a country.
Types of Natural Resources:
(i) Inexhaustible: There are some resources that are present unlimited in nature and will notbe exhausted evenif used continuously. Example: Sunlight, Air. (ii) Exhaustible: These resources are limited and can soonget exhausted because of their excessive use. Example: Forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, etc. Coal, petroleum andnatural gas arefossil fuels. Fossil fuels wereformed from thedead remains of living organisms millions of yearsago. Fossil fuels areexhaustible resources. Coke, coaltar and coalgas are theproducts of coal. Petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, kerosene, paraffin wax, lubricating oilare obtained byrefining petroleum. Coal and petroleum resources are limited. We should usethem judiciously.
Refining: Petroleum is mixture of various constituents such as petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, paraffin wax,etc. Refining is the process of refracting thevarious constituents /fractions of petroleum. It carried outin a petroleum refinery.
Natural Gas: A very important fuel as it easy to transport through pipes and can be compressed and stored underhigh pressure as Compressed Natural Gas. It causesno pollution andhas high calorific value.
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