.png)
Chapter – 7 Conservation of Plants and Animals Biodiversity: Occurrence of innumerable number of different types of organisms and the whole range of their varieties (biotypes) adapted to different climates, environments and areas. Wildlife sanctuary, national park andbio-sphere reserve arenames given tothe areas meant for conservation andpreservation of forest and wild animals. Biodiversity refers tothe variety ofliving organisms ina specific area. Plants and animals of a particular area are known as the flora and fauna of that area. Endemic species arefound only ina particular area. Endangered species are those which are facing the danger of extinction. Red DataBook contains a record ofendangered species. Migration isthe phenomenon of movement of a species from its ownhabitat to someother habitat for a particular time period every year for a specific purpose like breeding. We should save, reuse and recycle paper to save trees, energy and water. Reforestation is the restocking of destroyed forests by planting newtrees. Flora: Different types of plants belonging to an area.Example: Silver ferns, sal, teak, mango, etc. Fauna: All animals found in an area. Example: dog, frog, insects, bull, jackal, etc. Endemic Species: Species of plants andanimals found exclusively in a particular area. These arenot naturally found anywhere else. Extinct Species: Species of plants andanimals which havealready been lost.Example: Dodo, Indian cheetah, Pink-headed duck,etc. Threatened Species: Species thatis liable to become extinct if it is not allowed to realise itsfull biotic potential by removed thecaused of threat. Type of Threatened Species: (i) Endangered Species: A species of animal or plant thatis seriously at risk ofextinction. Example: Indian rhinoceros, Asiatic lion, Asiatic wild ass,etc
(ii) Vulnerable Species: A vulnerable species isa species ofanimals or plants which are likely to become endangered unless something changes. Example: Chinkara deer and black buck, golden langur, etc (iii) Rare Species: Species whose population areoriginally small andscattered in the world. National Parks: Protective areas reserved exclusively forthe betterment ofthe wildlife. Theseare established atthe approval oflegislature. Example: Hazaribagh National Park in Jharkhand, Desert National Parkin Rajasthan, etc. Sanctuaries: Hunting prohibited areas set up by government are known as sanctuaries. These areonly for theprotection of wildanimals. Example: Jaldapara in Madarihat (West Bengal), Keoladeo Ghana inBharatpur (Rajasthan) Migration: The regular, periodic, two way movements of birds andsome animals from their place of residence to some other place along well defined routes. It is linked to seasonal factors, breeding, shortage of foods, etc.The Bharatpur bird sanctuary is known for the migratory birds.
Comments