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All organisms multiplyor reproduce offspring of their own kind.
In plants there are two modes of reproduction, namely (a) Asexual and (b) Sexual. There are several methodsof asexual reproduction such as fragmentation, budding, spore formationand vegetative propagation.
Sexual reproduction involvesthe fusion of male and female gametes.
In vegetative propagation new plants are produced from different vegetative parts such as leaves, stemsand roots.
Flower is the reproductive part of a plant.
A flower may be unisexual with either the male or the femalereproductive parts. A bisexual flower has both the male and the female reproductive parts.
The male gametes are found insidethe pollen grainsand female gametesare found in the ovule.
Pollination is the processof transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the stigma of the same or anotherflower.
Pollination is of two types, self-pollination and cross-pollination. In self-pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same flower. In cross-pollination, pollen grains are transferred from the antherof one flower to the stigma of another flowerof the same kind.
Pollination takes place in plantswith the help of wind, water and insects. The fusion of male and female gametesis called fertilization.
Fertilized egg is called zygote.Zygote develops into an embryo.
Fruit is the mature ovary whereas ovule develops into a seed, which containsthe developing embryo.
Seed dispersal is aided by wind, water and animals.
Seed dispersalhelps the plantsto
(i) prevent over crowding,
(ii) avoid competition for sunlight, water and minerals
(iii) invade new habitats.
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